NiMh and NiCd Battery Charger Circuit

This automatic NiCd charger for 9V NiCd batteries is using 555 timer properties and is very easy to build. Why is an automatic 9 volts NiCd battery charger? Because you can leave the battery for charging as much as you like: it will be always completely charged and ready for use when is needed. It wont be overcharged and it will not discharge. With the values presented in the circuit diagram, the battery charger NiCd circuit is suitable for 6V and 9V batteries.

9 volt types with 6 and 7 cells are charging with 20mA; P1 must be adjusted so that the NiCd charger disconnects after 14 hours. Window inferior level is set at 1V below this value with P2. 5V battery type with 4 or 5 cells are charged at 55mA. Again, with P1 adjust the NiCd charger circuit so it disconnects after 14 hours. Window inferior level must be set at 0.8V below this value.

Circuit diagram:

Automatic NiCd Battery Charger Circuit Diagram

Parts:

P1 = 50K
P2 = 50K
R1 = 820R
R2 = 820R
R3 = 1K
R4 = 10K
R5 = 10K
R6 = 100R
D1 = 4.7V Zener
D2 = 1N4001
D4 = 1N4148
D5 = B40C1500 Diode Bridge
C1 = 220uF - 25V
Q1 = BC547B
IC = 555
B1 = 9V Ni-Cad Battery

Mobile Phone Travel Charger Circuit Diagram

Here is an ideal Mobile charger using 1.5 volt pen cells to charge mobile phone while traveling. It can replenish cell phone battery three or four times in places where AC power is not available. Most of the Mobile phone batteries are rated at 3.6 V/500 mA. A single pen torch cell can provide 1.5 volts and 1.5 Amps current. So if four pen cells are connected serially, it will form a battery pack with 6 volt and 1.5 Amps current. When power is applied to the circuit through S1, transistor Q1 conducts and Green LED lights.

When Q1 conducts Q2 also conducts since its base becomes negative. Charging current flows from the collector of Q1. To reduce the charging voltage to 4.7 volts, Zener diode D2 is used. The output gives 20 mA current for slow charging. If more current is required for fast charging, reduce the value of R4 to 47 ohms so that 80 mA current will be available. Output points are used to connect the charger with the mobile phone. Use suitable pins for this and connect with correct polarity. The circuit comes from here.

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Mobile Phone Travel Charger Circuit Diagram

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Parts:

R1 = 1K
R2 = 470R
R3 = 4.7K
R4 = 270R
R5 = 27R
C1 = 100uF-25V
D1 = Green LED
D2 = 4.7V/1W Zener
B1 = 1.5Vx4 Cells
S1 = On/Off Switch
Q1 = BC548
Q2 = SK100

Solar Panel Based Charger And Small LED Lamp

You can save on your electricity bills by switching to alternative sources of power. The photovoltaic module or solar panel described here is capable of delivering a power of 5 watts. At full sunlight, the solar panel outputs 16.5V. It can deliver a current of 300-350 mA. Using it you can charge three types of batteries: lead acid, Ni-Cd and Li-ion. The lead-acid batteries are commonly used in emergency lamps and UPS. The working of the circuit is simple.




The output of the solar panel is fed via diode 1N5402 (D1), which acts as a polarity guard and protects the solar panel. An ammeter is connected in series between diode D1 and fuse to measure the current flowing during charging of the batteries. As shown in Fig. 1, we have used an analogue multimeter in 500mA range. Diode D2 is used for protection against reverse polarity in case of wrong connection of the lead-acid battery.

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Solar Panel Based Charger And Small LED Lamp

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When you connect wrong polarity, the fuse will blow up. For charging a lead-acid battery, shift switch S1 to ‘on’ position and use connector ‘A.’ After you connect the battery, charging starts from the solar panel via diode D1, multimeter and fuse. Note that pulsating DC is the best for charging lead-acid batteries. If you use this circuit for charging a lead-acid battery, replace it with a normal pulsating DC charger once a week.

Keep checking the water level of the lead-acid battery. Pure DC voltage normally leads to deposition of sulphur on the plates of lead-acid batteries. For charging Ni-Cd cells, shift switches S1 and S3 to ‘on’ position and use connector ‘B.’ Regulator IC 7806 (IC1) is wired as a constant-current source and its output is taken from the middle terminal (normally grounded). Using this circuit, a constant current goes to Ni-Cd cell for charging.

Small LED lamp circuit diagram:

Small LED Lamp Circuit Diagram

A total of four 1.2V cells are used here. Resistor R2 limits the charging current. For charging Li-ion battery (used in mobile phones), shift switches S1 and S2 to ‘on’ position and use connector ‘C.’ Regulator IC 7805 (IC2) provides 5V for charging the Li-ion battery. Using this circuit, you can charge a 3.6V Li-ion cell very easily. Resistor R3 limits the charging current. Fig. 2 shows the circuit for a small LED-based lamp. It is simple and low-cost.

Six 10mm white LEDs (LED2 through LED7) are used here. Just connect them in parallel and drive directly by a 3.6V DC source. You can use either pencil-type Ni-Cd batteries or rechargeable batteries as the power source. Assemble the circuit on a general-purpose PCB and enclose in a small box. Mount RCA socket on the front panel of the box and wire RCA plug with cable for connecting the battery and LED-based lamp to the charger.

Solar Battery Protector Prevents excessive Discharge

This circuit prevents the battery in a solar lighting system from being excessively discharged. It's for small systems with less than 100W of lighting, such as several fluorescent lights, although with a higher rated Mosfet at the output, it could switch larger loads. The circuit has two comparators based on an LM393 dual op amp. One monitors the ambient light so that lamps cannot be turned on during the day. The second monitors the battery voltage, to prevent it from being excessively discharged. IC1b monitors the ambient light by virtue of the light dependent resistor connected to its non-inverting input. When exposed to light, the resistance of the LDR is low and so the output at pin 7 is low.

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 Solar Battery Protector Prevents excessive Discharge

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IC1a monitors the battery voltage via a voltage divider connected to its non-inverting input. Its inverting input is connected to a reference voltage provided by ZD1. Trimpot VR1 is set so that when the battery is charged, the output at pin 1 is high and so Mosfet Q1 turns on to operate the lights. The two comparator outputs are connected together in OR gate fashion, which is permissible because they are open-collector outputs. Therefore, if either comparator output is low (ie, the internal output transistor is on) then the Mosfet (Q1) is prevented from turning on. In practice, VR1 would be set to turn off the Mosfet if the battery voltage falls below 12V. The suggested LDR is a NORP12, a weather resistant type available from Farnell Electronic Components Pty Ltd.

Float Charger For NiMH Cells

Although not a new device, the LM317 is still a high-performance regulator. Its output voltage is essentially immune to fluctuations in load, supply voltage and temperature and this makes it ideal as the central element in a float charger for NiMH cells. Float charging has the advantage of keeping the cells fully charged and ready to use without the potential damage of long-term trickle charging or the cost of low-discharge cells. This works because NiMH cells do not have the memory problems associated with Nicads. The circuit is based on a conventional LM317 regulator. Resistors R2 & R3 and trimpot VR1 set the maximum output voltage to between 1.3V and 1.4V per cell. VR1 should be adjusted for a value of 1.35V per cell at the regulator output. Resistor R2 has been fixed at 240O. The formula for the voltage output is: Vout = 1.25*(1 + (R3 + VR1)/R2).

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Float Charger For NiMH Cells

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Diode D1 protects the circuit against reverse polarity of the power supply and protects the LM317 should the power be disconnected while it is still connected to a charged battery pack. Resistor RCL and transistor Q1 limit the maximum current in the event of a short circuit or the connection of a severely discharged battery pack. LED2 provides an indication of voltage input to the charger. LED1 and the 680O resistor provide the same function for the charger output and also provide a minimum load for the regulator when the battery pack is nearing full charge. This is necessary to keep the regulator output from drifting up and damaging the batteries. The circuit uses an external DC plugpack and is suitable for four NiMH cells rated at 2.5Ah.


Table 1 gives alternative values for 1-10 batteries in series at peak charge currents of between 200mA to 600mA. If you are using the specified plug-pack and the TO-220 packaged LM317T, you will need a heatsink rated at 12°C/W or better for any design other than the 200mA single cell charger. A TO-3 packaged device with the correct plug-pack will be OK without a heat-sink for any of the 200mA configurations and up to four cells charging at 400mA.

Lead Acid Battery Charger

Except for use as a normal Battery Charger, this circuit is perfect to 'constant-charge' a 12-Volt Lead-Acid Battery, like the one in your flight box, and keep it in optimum charged condition. This circuit is not recommended for GEL-TYPE batteries since it draws to much current. The above circuit is a precision voltage source, and contains a temperature sensor with a negative temperature coλficient. Meaning, whenever the surrounding or battery temperature increases the voltage will automatically decrease. Temperature coλficient for this circuit is -8mV per °Celcius. A normal transistor (Q1) is used as a temperature sensor. This Battery Charger is centered around the LM350 integrated, 3-amp, adjustable stabilizer IC. Output voltage can be adjusted with P1 between 13.5 and 14.5 volt.

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Lead Acid Battery Charger

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T2 was added to prevent battery discharge via R1 if no power present. P1 can adjust the output voltage between 13.5 and 14.5 volts. R4's value can be adjusted to accommodate a bit larger or smaller window. D1 is a large power-diode, 100V PRV @ 3 amp. Bigger is best but I don't recommend going smaller. The LM350's 'adjust' pin will try to keep the voltage drop between its pin and the output pin at a constant value of 1.25V. So there is a constant current flow through R1. Q1 act here as a temperature sensor with the help of components P1/R3/R4 who more or less control the base of Q1. Since the emitter/base connection of Q1, just like any other semiconductor, contains a temperature coλficient of -2mV/°C, the output voltage will also show a negative temperature coλficient.

That one is only a factor of 4 larger, because of the variation of the emitter/basis of Q1 multiplied by the division factor of P1/R3/R4. Which results in approximately -8mV/°C. To prevent that sensor Q1 is warmed up by its own current draw, I recommend adding a cooling rib of sorts. (If you wish to compensate for the battery-temperature itself, then Q1 should be mounted as close on the battery as possible) The red led (D2) indicates the presence of input power.Depending on what type of transistor you use for Q1, the pads on the circuit board may not fit exactly (in case of the BD140).

12V Powered 12V Lead Acid Battery Charger with Indicator

Some of you might wonder why a charger is needed at all, to charge a 12 Volt battery from a 12 Volt source! Well, firstly the "12 Volt" source will typically vary anywhere from 11 Volt to 15 Volt, and then a battery needs a controlled charge current and voltage, which cannot result from connecting it directly to a voltage source. The charger described here is intended for charging small 12 Volt lead acid batteries, such as the gelled or AGM batteries of capacities between about 2 and 10 Ah, using a car's electrical system as power source, regardless of whether the car engine is running or not. I built this charger many years ago, I think I was still in school back then. On request of a reader of my web site, I'm publishing it now, despite being a rather crude circuit.


It works, it is uncritical to build, and uses only easy-to-find parts, so it has something in its favor. The downside is mainly the low efficiency: This charger wastes about as much power as it puts into the battery. The charger consists of two stages: The first is a capacitive voltage doubler, which uses a 555 timer IC driving a pair of transistors connected as emitter followers, which in turn drive the voltage doubler proper. The doubler has power resistors built in, which limit the charging current. The second stage is a voltage regulator, using a 7815 regulator IC. Its output is applied to the battery via a diode, which prevents reverse current and also lowers the voltage a bit.


The resulting charge voltage is about 14.4V, which is fine for charging a gelled or AGM battery to full charge, but is too high as a trickle charger, so don't leave this charger permanently connected to a battery. If you would like to do just that, then add a second diode in series with D3! There is a LED connected as a charge indicator. It will light when the charge current is higher than about 150mA. The maximum charge current will be roughly 400mA. There is an auxiliary output, that provides about 20V at no load (depending on input voltage), and comes down as the load increases. I included this for charging 12V, 4Ah NiCd packs, which require just a limited current but not a limited voltage for charging.


Note that if the charge output is short-circuited, the overcurrent protection of U2 will kick in, but the current is still high enough to damage the diodes, if it lasts. So, don't short the output! If instead you short the auxiliary output, the fuse should blow. I built this charger into a little homemade aluminum sheet enclosure, using dead-bug construction style. Not very tidy, but it works. Note the long leads on the power resistors. They are necessary, because with shorter leads the resistors will unsolder themselves, as they get pretty hot! The transistors and the regulator IC are bolted to the case, which serves as heat sink. The transistors don't heat up very much, but the IC does.

24V 7Ah Lead Acid Battery Charger

 

This lead acid battery charger circuit is designed in response to a request from Mr.Devdas .C. His requirement was a circuit to charge two 12V/7AH lead acid batteries in series.Anyway he did not mentioned the no of cells per each 12V battery. The no of cells/battery is also an important parameter and here I designed the circuit assuming each 12V battery containing 6 cells. When two batteries are connected in series, the voltage will add up and the current capacity remains same. So two 12V/7AH batteries connected in series can be considered as a 24V/7AH battery.

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24V 7Ah Lead Acid Battery Charger

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The circuit given here is a current limited lead acid battery charger built around the famous variable voltage regulator IC LM 317. The charging current depends on the value of resistor R2 and here it is set to be 700mA. Resistor R3 and POT R4 determines the charging voltage. Transformer T1 steps down the mains voltage and bridge D1 does the job of rectification. C1 is the filter capacitor. Diode D1 prevents the reverse flow of current from the battery when charger is switched OFF or when mains power is not available.

Flat Battery Indicator

 


This small circuit was developed to monitor the battery in a model hovercraft. The lift in the model is produced by an electric motor driving a fan. To avoid the possibility of discharging the rechargeable battery pack too deeply, the design lights a conspicuous LED mounted on the model when a preset threshold voltage is reached. The circuit only uses a few components, which helps keep the total weight of the model down. The circuit connects to the model only across the two points where the voltage to be monitored can be measured. These also supply power to the circuit.

The best place to connect the circuit is not at the battery terminals, but rather at the motor connections. The circuit is suitable for use with nominal battery voltages of 4.8 V to 9.6 V (four to eight 1.2 V cells). For example, if there are six cells in the battery, its nominal terminal voltage will be 7.2 V. A discharge threshold voltage of around 1 V per cell is appropriate, which means that for six cells the threshold is 6 V. We now need to set the voltage UZ across the adjustable Zener diode D1 (an LM431) to about 0.5 V less than the threshold voltage at which we want LED D2 to light.

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Flat Battery Indicator

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This voltage is controlled by the choice of the value of resistor R1. As indicated in the circuit diagram, this is done with the help of a trimmer potentiometer (R1.A) with a fixed resistor (R1.B) in series. Using the suggested values (10 kΩ for both the potentiometer and the fixed resistor) allows the discharge threshold voltage to be set between about 5.5 V and 8 V. For lower or higher voltages R1.B should be made correspondingly smaller or larger. Once the desired value of UZ has been set the total resistance (R1.A plus R1.B) can be measured and a single fixed-value resistor of this value substituted at R1.

In the example mentioned of a six-cell battery, a voltage of 7.2 V will appear at the emitter of T1 when the battery is charged. At its base is UZ, which should be 5.5 V (6 V – 0.5 V) in the case of a discharge threshold voltage of 6 V. As long as the battery voltage remains at least 0.5 V higher than UZ, T1 will conduct and T2 will block, with the result that LED D2 will not light. If the battery voltage should fall below about 6 V (UZ + 0.5 V), T1 will block, T2 will conduct and LED D2 will light. To ensure stable operation of the circuit R6 provides a small amount of switching hysteresis. By adjusting the resistor value between 100 kΩ and 220 kΩ the amount of hysteresis can be varied.

The current drawn by the circuit itself is less than 5 mA (as measured with a battery voltage of 7.2 V). When the LED lights an additional 10 mA (the LED current) is drawn, for a total of around 15 mA. The adjustable Zener diode can be replaced by a fixed Zener with a voltage 0.5 V less than the desired threshold. Resistors R1 and R2 can then be dispensed with. A flashing LED can be used for D2 (without series resistor R7). An acoustic alarm can be provided by replacing D2 and R7 by a DC buzzer with a suitable operating voltage.

Car Charger for 12V Batteries

The circuit has been designed to produce a battery charger for automobiles that are using 12V batteries only. BTY79 – a 10A Silicon controlled rectifier with an operational temperature range from 0ºC to 125ºC C106D – a 4A sensitive gate Silicon controlled rectifier that functions as reverse blocking thyristors designed for high volume consumer applications such as light, speed control, temperature, process and remote control, and warning systems where reliability of operation is important.

The typical car battery chargers have simple designs that produce a few amperes during its operation while charging the battery continuously. In the event that the charger is not turned OFF, overcharging will occur with due to evaporation which looses electrolyte and might cause damage to its elements. With the design of this circuit, this type of problem can be avoided by monitoring the condition of charging of the battery via the retroactive control circuit. This is done by imposing a high current charge until the charging is complete. The


LED LD2 will indicate that charging is full which will eventually deactivate the charging circuit. In creating this design, the cables that connect the transformer to the circuit should have enough cross-sectional area to prevent voltage drop when heat is produced as the current flows through.

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 Car Charger for 12V Batteries

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The adjustment of the circuit comes after the design, with the adjustment of TR1 to null value. The LEDs are checked without connecting the battery initially and allowing them to turn ON. By connecting a battery, a 2A to 4A current is permitted to flow while ensuring that LD2 is turned OFF. TR1 is carefully adjusted to a few hundred milliamps until LD2 turns ON. This is done using the hydrometer technique. The correct adjustment allows LD2 to begin flickering as the battery is being charged. Connected to the battery is Q1, since it functions as a rectifier and charges the battery, which can be fired in each half cycle by R3-4 and LD2. In case an uncharged battery is connected, a low terminal voltage is obtained.

When the voltage of the battery exceeds the predetermined value, Q2 is activated by the combination of C1, TR1, R2, and D2. Q1 is deactivated with the current supply cut off as the battery terminal voltage is increased where Q2 shifts the control of Q1 gate after TR1 fixed the increased battery terminal voltage above the level. A heatsink should be mounted on the bridge rectifier GR1 and Q1 to prevent overheating. A 5A DC ammeter M1, connected in parallel, is used to measure the charge current.

R1= 1Kohms
R2= 1.2Kohms
R3= 470 ohms
R4= 470 ohms
R5= 10Kohms
C1= 10uF 25V D1= 1N4001
D2= 6.8V 0.5W zener
TR1= 4.7Kohms trimmer
Q1= BTY79 or similar 6A SCR
Q2= C106D SCR
GR1= 50V 6A Bridge Rectifier T1= 220V/17V 4A Transformer
LD1= Green LED
LD2= Red LED
M1= 0-5A DC Ampere meter
S1= 10A D/P On / Off Switch
F= 5A Fuse.

The circuit’s theory of design will only be applied to batteries with rating of 12V. These batteries are mainly used in a variety of vehicles used in land, air, and water such as personal watercraft like boat, yacht, Jet Skis, and other marine applications. They are also utilized widely in automobiles and motorcycles such as quad bike, RVs, snowmobile, motor scooter, utility vehicle, and riding mower. It can also be beneficial to disabled persons by providing aid to wheelchairs and mobility scooters.

Simple Battery Isolator

This circuit is even simpler and employs a 6V feed from one of the stator connections on the vehicle’s alternator. This is connected to a 6V automotive relay (RLY1) which controls a Continuous Duty Solenoid (RLY2). This solenoid electrically connects or isolates the batteries. When the engine is started and the alternator stator voltage rises, the 6V relay turns on. This turns on the Continuous Duty Solenoid to connect the two batteries in parallel. As long as the engine is running, the vehicle’s alternator will maintain charge in both batteries.

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Simple Battery Isolator

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When the engine is shut down, the alternator stator voltage drops and the Continuous Duty Solenoid switches off, thus isolating the second battery from the vehicle’s electrical system. Provided that camping accessories are only connected to the second battery, the main battery should never discharge. Because the concept is entirely dependent upon the alternator’s stator output voltage, you cannot forget to turn the system on or off as it happens automatically.

Battery Charger MCP 73838

 


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Battery Charger MCP 73838

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Mobile Phone and iPod Battery Charger

Using the USB port on your computer to charge your player’s batteries is not always practical. What if you do not have a computer available at the time or if you do not want to power up a computer just for charging? Or what if you are traveling? Chargers for Mobile Phones iPods and MP3 players are available but they are expensive and you need separate models for charging at home and in the car.

This charger can be used virtually anywhere. While we call the unit a charger, it really is nothing more than a 5V supply that has a USB outlet. The actual charging circuit is incorporated within the iPOD or MP3 player itself, which only requires a 5V supply. As well as charging, this supply can run USB-powered accessories such as reading lights, fans and chargers, particularly for mobile phones.

The supply is housed in a small plastic case with a DC input socket at one end and a USB type "A" outlet at the other end, for connecting to Mobile Phone, an iPod or MP3 player when charging. A LED shows when power is available at the USB socket. Maximum current output is 660mA, more than adequate to run any USB-powered accessory.



Pictures, PCB and Circuit Diagram:

Front View Of Mobile Phone and iPod Battery Charger Circuit

Bottom View Of Mobile Phone and iPod Battery Charger Circuit

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Mobile Phone and iPod Battery Charger 1
Mobile Phone and iPod Battery Charger 2

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Parts:

P1 = 1K
R1 = 1R-0.5W
R2 = 1R-0.5W
R3 = 1R-0.5W
R4 = 1K
R5 = 560R
R6 = 10R-0.5W
R7 = 470R
C1 = 470uF-25V
C2 = 100nF-63V
C3 = 470pF
C4 = 100uF-25V
D1 = 1N5404
D2 = 1N4001
D3 = 1N5819
D4 = 5.1V-1W Zener Diode
D5 = 5mm. Red LED
L1 = 220uH
S1 = USB 'A' Type Socket
SW1 = On/Off Switch
IC1 = MC34063A 



Specifications:

Output voltage ----------------------5V
Output current ---------------------660mA maximum for 5V out
Input voltage range ------------------9.5V to 15V DC
Input current requirement ----------500mA for 9V in, 350mA for >12V input
Input current with output shorted--- 120mA at 9V in, 80mA at 15V in
Output ripple ------------------------14mV (from no load to 660mA)
Load regulation ----------------------25mV (from no load to 660mA)
Line regulation ----------------------20mV change at full load from 9 to 18V input
No load input current ----------------20mA

(The specification for the computer USB 2.0 port requires the USB port to deliver up to 500mA at an output voltage between 5.25V and 4.375V).

The circuit is based around an MC34063 switch mode regulator. This has high efficiency so that there is very little heat produced inside the box, even when delivering its maximum output current. The circuit is more complicated than if we used a 7805 3-terminal regulator but since the input voltage could be 15V DC or more, the voltage dissipation in such a regulator could be 5W or more at 500mA. and 5W is far too much for a 7805, even with quite a large heatsink. Credit for this circuit goes to SiliconChip, A wonderful electronics magazine.

Mobile Phone Battery Charger Circuit

This Mobile phone chargers circuit presented here comes as a low-cost alternative to charge mobile telephones/battery packs.

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Mobile Phone Battery Charger Circuit

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Circuit of Mobile Phone Battery Charger 

The 220V AC mains supply is downconverted to 9V AC by transformer X1. The transformer output is rectified by diodes D1 through D4 wired in bridge configuration and the positive DC supply is directly connected to the charger’s output contact, while the negative terminal is connected through current limiting resistor R2. LED2 works as a power indicator with resistor R1 serving as the current limiter and LED3 indicates the charging status. During the charging period, about 3 volts drop occurs across resistor R2, which turns on LED3 through resistor R3. An external 12V DC supply sourcecan also be used to energise the charger, where resistor R4, after polarity protection diode D5, limits the input current to a safe value. The 3-terminal positive voltage regulator LM7806 (IC1) provides a constant voltage output of 7.8V DC since LED1 connected between the common terminal (pin 2) and ground rail of IC1 raises the output voltage to 7.8V DC. LED1 also serves as a power indicator for the external DC supply. After constructing the circuit on a veroboard, enclose it in a suitable cabinet. A small heat sink is recommended for IC1.

Rangkaian Charger aki 6 Volt

Here is the circuit diagram of a low cost charger for 6 volt batteries. This circuit requires a regulated 10V-DC front end capable of supplying 2 Amps. Begins the charge period at 240mA and at full charge switches automatically to a float condition of 12mA. The capacitors should be the electrolytic 25V or greater.

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Rangkaian Charger aki 6 Volt

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Switching transistor T1 is an TIP31C NPN transistor, Si-Power Output/SW, with a TO-220 case and can be changed by using a appropriate substitute such as the NTE291, ECG291, etc. Timer/Oscillator U1 is a 8-pin NE555V and can be changed with a NTE955M or ECG955M. Resistors R4, R5, R6, and R7 are 1% metal film types.

LTC4060 - NiMH/NiCd Battery Charger Circuit

This cheap and easy to build NiCd/NiMH Battery Charger circuit is suitable for automatically charging a wide range of batteries for many applications. This 'intelligent' charger was designed for high current and rapid charge applications such as cordless power tools and model racing cars. These battery packs are expensive and sometimes difficult to purchase. This charger uses the cell manufacturer's recommended charge method, to safely and quickly charge batteries.

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LTC4060 - NiMH/NiCd Battery Charger Circuit

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Skema Rangkaian NiMH/NiCd Battery Charger

Linear Technology Corporation introduces the LTC4060, an autonomous 1- to 4-cell, 0.4A to 2A linear NiMH and NiCd battery charger. The LTC4060 includes all the functions required for a battery charger circuit. The design is simple and needs only three passive components. The LTC4060 also eliminates the need for a sense resistor and blocking diode, which increases efficiency and lowers the solution cost. This IC is targeted at applications including portable medical equipment, automotive diagnostic systems and industrial/telecom test devices.

• Complete Fast Charger Controller for Single, 2-, 3- or 4-Series Cell NiMH/NiCd Batteries
• No Firmware or Microcontroller Required
• Termination by –∆V, Maximum Voltage or Maximum Time
• No Sense Resistor or Blocking Diode Required
• Automatic Recharge Keeps Batteries Charged
• Programmable Fast Charge Current: 0.4A to 2A
• Accurate Charge Current: ±5% at 2A
• Fast Charge Current Programmable Beyond 2A with External Sense Resistor
• Automatic Detection of Battery
• Precharge for Heavily Discharged Batteries
• Optional Temperature Qualified Charging
• Charge and AC Present Status Outputs Can Drive LED
• Automatic Sleep Mode with Input Supply Removal
• Negligible Battery Drain in Sleep Mode: <>
• Manual Shutdown
• Input Supply Range: 4.5V to 10V
• Available in 16-Lead DFN and TSSOP Packages

Rangkaian Charge Monitor for 12V battery

This circuit project is a function for monitoring the charge level of 12 volt batteries continuously. The circuit possesses two vital features:

1. reduces the requirement of human attention by about 85%.
2. highly accurate and sophisticated methods.

A battery is a vital element of any battery-backed system. In many cases the battery is more expensive than the systems it is backing up. We need to Adopt Hence all practical measures to Conserve battery life.

As per manufacturer's data sheets, a 12V rechargeable battery operated Should be within 10. IV and 13.8V. When the battery charges higher than 13.8V it is said to be overcharged, and it discharges below 10.IV Pls Can it be Deeply discharged. A single event of overcharge or deep discharge Can bring down the charge-holding capacity of a battery by 15 to 20%.

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Rangkaian Charge Monitor for 12V battery

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Note:

For calibrating the upper and lower reference levels, a digital multimeter and a variable regulated power supply source are required. For calibrating the lower reference voltage, follow the steps given below:

• Set the output of power supply source to 10. IV.
• Connect the power supply source in place of the battery.
• Now the display will show some reading. At this point vary preset VR2 until the reading on the display just changes from 1 to 0.
• The higher reference voltage is calibrated similarly by setting the power supply to 13.8V and varying preset VR1 until reading on the display just changes from 8 to 9.

Input from the battery under test is applied to LM3914 1C. This applied voltage is ranked anywhere between 0 and 10, depending upon its magnitude. The lower reference voltage of 10.IV is ranked '0' and the upper voltage of 13.8V is ranked as '10.' (Outputs 9 and 10 are logically ORed in this circuit.) This calibration of reference voltages is explained above.

1C 74LS147 is a decimal-to-BCD priority encoder which converts the output of LM3914 into its BCD complement. The true BCD is obtained by using the hex inverter 74LS04. This BCD output is displayed as a decimal digit after con version using IC5 (74LS247), which is a BCD-to-seven-segment decoder/driver. The seven-segment LED display (LTS-542) is used because it is easy to read compared to a bar graph or, for that matter, an analogue meter. The charge status of the battery can be quickly calculated from the display. For instance, if the display shows 4, it means that the battery is charged to 40 per cent of its maximum value of 13.8V.

The use of digital principles enables us to employ a buzzer that sounds whenever there is an overcharge or deep discharge, or there is a need to conserve battery charge. A buzzer is wired in the circuit such that it sounds whenever battery-charge falls to ten per cent. At this point it is recommended that unnecessary load be switched off and the remaining charge be conserved for more important purposes.

Another simple combinational logic circuit can also be designed that will sound the buzzer when the display shows 9. Further charging should be stopped at this point in order to pre vent overcharge.

Pengisi Battery Li-On Menggunakan USB

USB port it is one of the most useful port. Besides being used as an interface port for the device I / O computer, this port was also used as a filler Li-On Battery (Li-On Battery Charging). Battery charger circuit Li-On can you see in the image below

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Pengisi Battery Li-On Menggunakan USB

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USB port capable of supplying a maximum voltage 5.25 V with a maximum flow of 0.5 A. Therefore, the above series can only be used to fill a Li-On Battery only. As LM3622 controller IC is used. IC's main function is as decisive end and a battery charging.

IC lm3622 Description
The LM3622 is a charge controller for Lithium-Ion batteries. This monolithic integrated circuit accurately controls an external pass transistor for precision Lithium-Ion battery charging. The LM3622 provides a constant voltage or constant current (CVCC) configuration that changes, as necessary, to optimally charge lithium-ion battery cells. Voltage charging versions (4.1V, 4.2V, 8.2V, and 8.4V) are available for one or two cell battery packs and for coke or graphite anode battery chemistry.
The LM3622 accepts input voltages from 4.5V to 24V. Controller accuracy over temperature is ±30mV/cell for A grade and ±50mV/cell for the standard grade. No precision external resistors are required. Furthermore, the LM3622's proprietary output voltage sensing circuit drains less than 200nA from the battery when the input source is disconnected.
The LM3622 circuitry includes functions for regulating the charge voltage with a temperature compensated bandgap reference and regulating the current with an external sense resistor. The internal bandgap insures excellent controller performance over the operating temperature and input supply range.
The LM3622 can sink 15mA minimum at the EXT pin to drive the base of an external PNP pass transistor. It also has low-voltage battery threshold circuitry that removes this drive when the cell voltage drops below a preset limit. The LV_SEL pin programs this threshold voltage to either 2.7V/cell or 2.15V/cell. The low-voltage detection, which is a user enabled feature, provides an output signal that can be used to enable a "wake up charge" source automatically to precondition a deeply discharged pack.

Features IC lm3622

• Versions for charging of 1 cell (4.1V or 4.2V) or 2 cells (8.2V or 8.4V)
• Versions for coke or graphite anode
• Precision (±30mV/cell) end-of-charge control
• Wide input range: 4.5V-24V
• Low battery drain leakage: 200nA
• 15 mA available to drive low cost PNP

Rangkaian Monitor status battery 12 volt

This circuit can be used for monitoring the voltage level of an automobile battery. When battery voltage is 11.5V or less transistor Q1 will be On and LED D1 will be glowing.When battery voltage is between 11.5 - 13.5V, the transistor Q2 will be On and the LED D2 will be glowing.When battery voltage is above 13.5V the transistor Q3 will be On and the LED D3 will be glowing.

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Rangkaian Monitor status battery 12 volt

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The battery 12 volt to be monitored can be connected between the terminals A and B and for convenience use LEDs of different colour .

List component of Monitor status battery 12 volt
-R1,R3,R6: 1k 1/4W Resistance
-R2: 100K 1/4W Resistance
-R4,R5,R7,R8: 3.3K 1/4W Resistance
-D1: LED red color
-D2: LED yellow color
-d7: LED green COLOR
-D2,D4,D5,D8,D9: 1N4148 diode 1 ampere
-D6: BZX79C10 diode Zener 10 volt
-D10: BZX79C12 diode Zener 12 volt
-Q1,Q2: BC547 NPN transistor
-Q3: BC557 PNP transistor

Spesifikasi BC547

This device is designed for use as general purpose amplifiers and switches requiring collector currents to 300 mA. Sourced from Process 10. See PN100A for characteristics.

Transistor BC547 (NPN General Purpose Amplifier)

Feature penting Transistor BC547

-(VCEO) Collector-Emitter: Voltage 45 V
-(VCES) Collector-Base Voltage: 50 V
-(VEBO) Emitter-Base Voltage: 6.0 V
-(IC) Collector Current: Continuous 500 mA
-(TJ) Tstg Operating and Storage Junction Temperature Range: -55 to +150 °C

Rangkaian Charging battery Mobil

 

 Internal Thermal Overload Protection

This is a simple Circuit that can be used for charging (mengisi) car battery. In this circuit there is facility for monitoring the charging current and voltage.
Circuit of Charging battery Mobil is based on the IC MC78T12ABT . The IC is nothing but a 7812 in TO-3 package with 3A capacity. The transformer T1 steps the mains voltage to 15V AC and diodes D1&D2 does the job of rectification. Capacitor C1 does the filtering and C2 acts as a decoupling capacitor. The ground terminal of IC1 is lifted to 2.1V using the diodes D3 , D4 and D5 . So the output from the IC1 will be a regulated 14.1V (12+2.1). Battery is charged via diode D6. The D6 blocks reverse flow of current from battery to charging circuit when the mains power is not available. Meter M1 shows the charging current and M2 shows the charging voltage.

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Rangkaian Charging battery Mobil

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Spesifikasi IC MC78T12ABT

This family of fixed voltage regulators are monolithic integrated circuits capable of driving loads in excess of 3.0 A. These three–terminal regulators employ internal current limiting, thermal shutdown, and safe–area compensation. Devices are available with improved specifications, including a 2% output voltage tolerance, on AC–suffix 5.0, 12 and 15 V device types. Although designed primarily as a fixed voltage regulator, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents. This series of devices can be used with a series–pass transistor to supply up to 15 A at the nominal output voltage.


Feature IC MC78T12ABT

• Output Current in Excess of 3.0 A
• Power Dissipation: 25 W
• No External Components Required
• Output Voltage Offered in 2% and 4% Tolerance*
• Thermal Regulation is Specified
• Internal Thermal Overload Protection
• Internal Short Circuit Current Limiting
• Output Transistor Safe–Area Compensation.